Dans la phrase active l'énonciateur met en avant l'action du sujet de l'énoncé:
ex: The U.S Government forced the Indians to leave their land.
Le passif exprime un point de vue de la
part de l'énonciateur qui met en valeur
l'objet de l'action.
Dans la phrase active l'énonciateur s'intéresse au
sujet de l'action, (à celui
qui agit)
Dans la phrase passive le sujet de
la phrase n'est pas l'agent mais celui qui subit
l'action.
Construction du passif : Sujet BE V-en* (by+Agent)
Lorsque l'énonciateur choisit
de mentionner l'agent de l'action il l'introduit par by
:
ex: The Indians were forced by
the U.S Government to leave their land .
Dans la phrase passive l'intérêt
de la phrase porte sur la cible de l'action
(les victimes ; c'est à dire 'the Indians')
L'énonciateur peut choisir de mentionner l'agent ou ne pas le
mentionner selon
l'importance qu'il lui accorde dans sa phrase.
ex: The Indians were forced to leave their land .
Wounded Knee 1890
The next great change came toward the end of the
19th century as homesteaders
moved into South Dakota. The U.S. government stripped
American Indians of much of their territory and forced them to live on
reservations. In the fall and early winter of 1890, thousands of Native
American followers, including many Oglala Sioux, became followers of the
Indian prophet Wovoca. His vision called for the native people to dance
the Ghost Dance and wear Ghost Shirts, which would be impervious
to bullets. Wovoca had predicted that the white man would vanish
and their hunting grounds
would be restored. One of the last known Ghost Dances was conducted on
Stronghold Table in the South Unit of Badlands National Park. As winter
closed in, the ghost dancers returned
to Pine Ridge Agency. The climax of
the struggle came in late December, 1890.
Headed south from
the Cheyenne River, a band of Minneconjou
Sioux Indians crossed a pass in the Badlands Wall. Pursued
by units of the U.S. Army, they were seeking
refuge in the Pine Ridge Reservation. The band, led by Chief
Big Foot, was finally overtaken
by the soldiers near Wounded Knee Creek in the Reservation and ordered
to camp there overnight.
The troops attempted to disarm
Big Foot's band the next morning. Gunfire erupted. Before it was over,
nearly two hundred Indians and thirty soldiers lay dead.
The massacre at Wounded Knee was the last major clash between American
Indians and the U.S. military until the American Indian Freedom actions
of the 1970s, most notably again, at Wounded Knee, South Dakota.
Who was Wovoka?
What did he predict?
Where is Wounded Knee?
What is the name of the Sioux Chief who led the Indians at Wounded
Knee?
How many Indians died there?
How many U.S soldiers were killed at Wounded Kee?
Chief Big Foot